You mentioned that computation can be used to remove bias from a court of law. What are some famous problems/mishaps

Question: You mentioned that computation can be used to remove bias from a court of law. What are some famous problems/mishaps that mathematics/game theory et cetera have been able to solve in law?
- Keywords:
  bias,
  law,
  legal
Asked by James to Katie, Diana, Deirdre on 8 Jan 2020.
- Katie Atkinson answered on 8 Jan 2020:
  
  Studies have been conducted suggesting a link between the time of day a parole case is heard and the likelihood of success. People can make rushed decisions when they are tired and hungry so the time of day a case is heard could have some effect on the decision. Here’s a link to a news article summarising this research:
  https://www.theguardian.com/law/2011/apr/11/judges-lenient-break
  
  This issue wouldn’t occur for a machine (but that’s not to say that other biases might not be perpetuated in AI systems).

Question: You mentioned that computation can be used to remove bias from a court of law. What are some famous problems/mishaps that mathematics/game theory et cetera have been able to solve in law?